Objects and images from the non-written age are of great value to the study of visual representation and the origin of cultural heritage, means of cultural inheritance, and the transmission of cultural knowledge.

Joining the ranks of moderately developed countries necessitates the establishment and improvement of institutions that can bolster long-term economic growth. Modernizing state governance, including the system and capacity for governance, is a crucial institutional guarantee to that end.

Fingerprint payment and facial-recognition payment (FRP) financial crimes should be defined as credit card fraud, except when the actor forces another into FRP, which should be defined as a robbery, because the act infringes upon others’ financial, as well as bodily, rights and interests.

Online literature is not just a text, it is a virtual community, which consists of not only the text but also interactions in the community, and these become an even more meaningful part of the reader experience.